.editorial-cover img{aspect-ratio:3/2;object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.reading-related{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px 28px;margin:42px 0;font:12px/1.8 Barlow,sans-serif;display:flex}.reading-related a{color:light-dark(#53664a,#c3c9c1);text-underline-offset:5px}.reading-article[lang=fa] h1,.reading-article[lang=fa] h2,.reading-article[lang=fa] p{letter-spacing:0;font-family:Vazirmatn,sans-serif}@font-face{font-family:Asoo Editorial;src:url(/vendor/newsreader-light.ttf)format("truetype");font-weight:300 400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}.research-home[hidden]{display:none!important}.research-home{z-index:3;margin:20px 0 120px;color:light-dark(#394132,#d2d7cf);width:min(560px,56% - 56px);margin-inline-start:calc(44% + 28px);padding:20px 0 0;font-family:Barlow,sans-serif;position:relative}.research-home .research-entries{border:0;margin-inline-start:0;padding-inline-start:0}.research-home .research-entry:before{inset-inline-start:-33px}.research-home .research-entry:after{width:17px;inset-inline-start:-25px}.research-home .research-entry-number{inset-inline-start:-62px}.research-home .research-all,.research-home .research-demo-note{margin-inline-start:0}.research-micro{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.17em;color:light-dark(#7b8471,#b0b8b0);font:10px/1.6 Barlow,sans-serif}.research-list-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin-bottom:24px;display:flex}.research-tags{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 25px;margin-bottom:40px;display:flex}.research-tags button{color:light-dark(#828a78,#acb4ac);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #0000;padding:8px 0;font:12px Barlow,sans-serif;transition:color .2s,border-color .2s}.research-tags button[aria-pressed=true],.research-tags button:hover{color:light-dark(#35432b,#d2d7cf);border-bottom-color:light-dark(#647357,#bbc2b9)}.research-entries{border-inline-start:1px solid light-dark(#b6bdab66,#66716c66);margin-inline-start:10px;padding-inline-start:38px;position:relative}.research-entry{color:light-dark(#3f4a34,#cfd5cc);outline-offset:6px;border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#b6bdab66,#66716c66);grid-template-columns:1fr 24px;gap:25px;padding:30px 0 38px;text-decoration:none;display:grid;position:relative}.research-entry:before{content:"";inset-inline-start:-43px;background:light-dark(#f5f4f1,#171c1d);border:1px solid light-dark(#839374,#a8b1a9);border-radius:50%;width:7px;height:7px;transition:background .3s,transform .3s;position:absolute;top:39px}.research-entry:after{content:"";inset-inline-start:-35px;background:light-dark(#8a987d66,#a3aca466);width:23px;height:1px;position:absolute;top:43px}.research-entry-number{inset-inline-start:-73px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:light-dark(#8f9786,#a1aaa3);font:9px Barlow,sans-serif;position:absolute;top:34px}.research-entry h3{letter-spacing:-.015em;max-width:24ch;margin:12px 0 13px;font:400 clamp(25px,2.5vw,34px)/1.15 Asoo Editorial,serif}.research-entry p{color:light-dark(#77816d,#b1bab1);max-width:50ch;margin:0 0 16px;font:13px/1.8 Barlow,sans-serif}.research-entry-meta{color:light-dark(#969e8c,#96a099);letter-spacing:.06em;font:10px Barlow,sans-serif}.research-entry-arrow{color:light-dark(#839176,#a9b2aa);align-self:center;font:23px Barlow,sans-serif;transition:transform .3s}.research-entry:hover:before{background:light-dark(#566c44,#c0c7be);transform:scale(1.25)}.research-entry:hover .research-entry-arrow{transform:translate(3px,-3px)}.research-all{letter-spacing:.08em;color:light-dark(#46563a,#ccd2c9);border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#9ca68f,#8b958f);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin:35px 0 0 48px;padding:12px 0;font:12px Barlow,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.research-all span{font-size:23px}.research-demo-note{color:light-dark(#949b8a,#9ba49d);max-width:55ch;margin:25px 0 0 48px;font:11px/1.75 Barlow,sans-serif}.research-home[dir=rtl] h3,.research-home[dir=rtl] p,.research-home[dir=rtl] .research-tags button{font-family:Vazirmatn,sans-serif}.research-reader{color:light-dark(#394132,#d2d7cf);background:light-dark(#f5f4f1,#171c1d);border:1px solid light-dark(#c4cab9,#525e5a);width:min(1320px,92vw);max-width:none;height:calc(100svh - 56px);max-height:none;margin:auto;padding:0;position:fixed;inset:28px 4vw;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 30px 100px #222c2030}.research-reader[open]{grid-template-rows:66px minmax(0,1fr) 52px;animation:.45s cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1) both reader-arrive;display:grid}.research-reader::backdrop{backdrop-filter:blur(3px);background:light-dark(#272f224d,#d8dcd54d)}.reader-bar{border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#b4beaa66,#65716c66);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px;padding:0 32px;display:flex}.reader-position{color:light-dark(#758269,#b1bab1);letter-spacing:.15em;margin-inline-start:auto;font:12px Barlow,sans-serif}.reader-close{color:light-dark(#425337,#cdd3ca);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:1px solid light-dark(#c6ccbe,#4f5a57);width:36px;height:36px;margin-inline-start:20px;font:26px Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-scroll{overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#aab39f transparent;scrollbar-color:light-dark(#aab39f,#76817b) transparent;outline-offset:-3px;overflow:auto}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,660px) 80px;gap:45px;max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:54px 38px 65px;display:grid;position:relative}.reading-aside{align-self:start;padding-top:7px;position:sticky;top:36px}.reading-aside nav{border-inline-start:1px solid light-dark(#c5ccbb,#505b58);flex-direction:column;gap:16px;margin:28px 0 65px;padding-inline-start:15px;display:flex}.reading-aside a{color:light-dark(#8b9580,#a5aea6);font:12px Barlow,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.reading-aside a[aria-current],.reading-aside a:hover{color:light-dark(#34482a,#d1d6ce)}.reading-progress{flex-direction:column;gap:12px;display:flex}.reading-progress strong{color:light-dark(#657557,#bac1b9);font:400 36px Asoo Editorial,serif}.reading-progress progress{appearance:none;color:light-dark(#536b40,#c1c8bf);background:light-dark(#d3d8cc,#3e4947);border:0;width:95px;height:1px}.reading-progress progress::-webkit-progress-bar{background:light-dark(#d3d8cc,#3e4947)}.reading-progress progress::-webkit-progress-value{background:light-dark(#536b40,#c1c8bf)}.reading-article h1{letter-spacing:-.03em;max-width:20ch;margin:20px 0 25px;font:400 clamp(34px,4vw,57px)/1.06 Asoo Editorial,serif}.reading-byline{color:light-dark(#8a9480,#a6afa7);border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#c6cebc88,#4d595588);justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding-bottom:22px;font:11px Barlow,sans-serif;display:flex}.reading-byline span:last-child{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;white-space:nowrap}.reading-article figure{margin:30px 0}.research-figure{background:linear-gradient(130deg,light-dark(#eeeee7,#202728),light-dark(#f5f4f1,#171c1d));width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.reading-article figcaption{color:light-dark(#919987,#9ea8a0);letter-spacing:.03em;margin-top:12px;font:10px/1.6 Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-article p{color:light-dark(#626f58,#bcc4bb);margin:0 0 24px;font:15px/1.95 Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-article .reading-lede{color:light-dark(#45563a,#ccd2c9);margin:35px 0 52px;font:26px/1.45 Asoo Editorial,serif}.reading-article section{padding:12px 0 26px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.reading-article h2{letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:light-dark(#7c8a6e,#adb5ad);margin:0 0 20px;font:10px Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-article blockquote{color:light-dark(#5c704b,#bdc4bc);border-inline-start:1px solid light-dark(#a7b399,#78837d);margin:35px 0 10px;padding-inline-start:28px;font:27px/1.45 Asoo Editorial,serif}.reading-article #reading-references{border-top:1px solid light-dark(#c2cbb888,#525d5a88);margin-top:20px;padding-top:28px}.reading-article #reading-references p,.reading-article .reading-notice{color:light-dark(#89937e,#a7b0a8);font-size:12px}.reading-end{border-top:1px solid light-dark(#bac6af66,#5a666266);justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;margin-top:50px;padding-top:24px;display:flex}.reading-end a{color:light-dark(#526847,#c2c9c0);text-underline-offset:5px;font:11px Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-margin{color:light-dark(#8d9881,#a1aaa3);letter-spacing:.1em;text-align:right;padding-top:8px;font:11px Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-margin span{letter-spacing:.2em;margin-top:160px;font-size:8px;line-height:2.2;display:block}.reader-pagination{border-top:1px solid light-dark(#b4beaa66,#65716c66);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0 32px;display:flex}.reader-pagination button{color:light-dark(#6e805e,#b4bcb3);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:8px;font:11px Barlow,sans-serif}.reader-pagination button:disabled{opacity:.3;cursor:default}.research-reader :focus-visible,.research-home :focus-visible,.research-page :focus-visible{outline-offset:5px;outline:1px solid light-dark(#6d805b,#b4bcb3)}.research-page{color:light-dark(#394132,#d2d7cf);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background:light-dark(#f5f4f1,#171c1d);margin:0;font-family:Barlow,sans-serif}.research-page *{box-sizing:border-box}.research-page a{color:inherit}.research-page-header{z-index:1;border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#b4beaa66,#65716c66);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin:0 5vw;padding:32px 0;display:flex;position:relative}.research-page-header img{width:200px;height:auto;display:block}.research-page-header nav{gap:32px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.research-page-header a{text-decoration:none}.research-page-header nav a[aria-current]{text-underline-offset:6px;text-decoration:underline}.research-archive-shell{max-width:1050px;margin:0 auto;padding:80px 70px 120px;position:relative}.research-archive-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr 200px;align-items:center;gap:40px;margin-bottom:50px;display:grid}.research-archive-heading h1{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:18px 0 25px;font:400 clamp(45px,5vw,74px)/1.05 Asoo Editorial,serif}.research-archive-heading p{color:light-dark(#7e8973,#adb5ad);max-width:42ch;font:14px/1.85 Barlow,sans-serif}.research-archive-heading .research-figure{background:0 0;width:240px;transform:rotate(-8deg)}.research-archive-shell .research-entries{margin-inline-start:28px}.research-archive-shell .research-entry{padding:32px 0 42px}.research-page-foot{color:light-dark(#89957b,#a6afa7);border-top:1px solid light-dark(#b4beaa66,#65716c66);justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin:0 5vw;padding:26px 0 35px;font-size:11px;display:flex}.research-page-foot a{text-decoration:none}.research-page:before{content:"";pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#0000 13.9%,light-dark(#7c8a6b0b,#adb6ad0b) 14%,#0000 14.1% 78.9%,light-dark(#7c8a6b0b,#adb6ad0b) 79%,#0000 79.1%);position:fixed;inset:0}.research-direct>.reading-layout{padding-top:65px}@keyframes reader-arrive{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(24px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}@media (width<=1100px){.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:120px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;padding:40px 30px}.reading-margin{display:none}}@media (width>=701px) and (width<=899px){.research-home{width:calc(90% - 40px);margin-inline-start:calc(10% + 20px)}}@media (width<=700px){.research-home{width:calc(90% - 40px);margin:0 0 80px;margin-inline-start:calc(10% + 20px);padding-top:15px}.research-tags{gap:8px 19px;margin-bottom:18px}.research-entries{margin-inline-start:15px;padding-inline-start:24px}.research-entry{gap:12px;padding:28px 0}.research-entry:before{inset-inline-start:-29px}.research-entry:after{width:15px;inset-inline-start:-21px}.research-entry-number{display:none}.research-entry h3{font-size:27px}.research-micro{letter-spacing:.13em;font-size:9px}.research-all,.research-demo-note{margin-inline-start:39px}.research-reader{border:0;width:100%;height:100svh;inset:0}.research-reader[open]{grid-template-rows:58px minmax(0,1fr) 50px}.reader-bar{gap:8px;padding:0 18px}.reader-close{margin-inline-start:6px}.reader-position{font-size:10px}.reading-layout{padding:0 24px 50px;display:block}.reading-aside{z-index:2;backdrop-filter:blur(8px);background:light-dark(#f5f4f1f5,#171c1df5);border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#c6cebc88,#4d595588);margin-bottom:30px;padding:15px 0 10px;top:0}.reading-aside>span{display:none}.reading-aside nav{border:0;flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin:0 0 14px;padding:0}.reading-aside a{font-size:10px}.reading-progress{flex-direction:row;align-items:center;gap:12px}.reading-progress strong{margin-inline-start:auto;font:12px Barlow,sans-serif}.reading-progress progress{width:60px}.reading-progress .research-micro{font-size:8px}.reading-article h1{margin-top:17px;font-size:40px}.reading-byline{font-size:10px}.reading-article p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85}.reading-article .reading-lede{font-size:23px}.reading-article section{scroll-margin-top:110px}.reader-pagination{padding:0 14px}.reader-pagination>.research-micro{font-size:8px}.research-page-header{margin:0 24px;padding:26px 0}.research-page-header img{width:145px}.research-page-header nav{gap:18px;font-size:11px}.research-page-header nav a:last-child{display:none}.research-archive-shell{padding:50px 30px 70px}.research-archive-heading{margin-bottom:30px;display:block}.research-archive-heading .research-figure{display:none}.research-archive-heading h1{font-size:52px}.research-archive-shell .research-entries{margin-inline-start:10px}.research-direct>.reading-layout{padding-top:0}.reading-end{flex-direction:column}.research-page-foot{margin:0 24px;font-size:10px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.research-reader[open]{animation:none}.research-entry:before,.research-entry-arrow,.research-tags button{transition:none}}